JB/DQ 7342.4-1988 F级有溶剂绝缘漆产品 质量分等
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来源:标准资料网
基本信息
| 标准名称： | F级有溶剂绝缘漆产品 质量分等 |
| 中标分类： |
电工 >>
电工材料和通用零件 >>
电工绝缘材料及其制品 |
| 发布日期： | |
| 实施日期： | 1992-07-01 |
| 首发日期： | |
| 作废日期： | |
| 出版日期： | |
| 页数： | 2页 |
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前言
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所属分类： 电工 电工材料和通用零件 电工绝缘材料及其制品
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminationofIn-SituStressinRockUsingHydraulicFracturingMethod
【原文标准名称】:使用水压断裂法测定现场岩石应力的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD4645-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.12
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:drillholes;fluidpressure;hydraulicfracturing;insitustress;Breakdownpressure;Caverndesign;Fieldtesting--rock;Fracturetesting--rock;Hydraulicproperties;Hydrofracturedrock;In-situsoil/rocktesting/analysis;Minifracturing;Permeability-
【摘要】:Limitations:Thedepthofmeasurementislimitedonlybythelengthofthetesthole.Presently,theresultsofthehydraulicfracturingmethodcanbeinterpretedintermsofin-situstressesonlyiftheboreholesareapproximatelyparalleltooneofthethreeprincipalin-situstresses.Unlessevidencetothecontraryexists,verticalboreholesareassumedtobeparalleltooneofthein-situprincipalstresses.Whentheprincipalstressparalleltotheboreholeaxisisnottheleastprincipalstress,onlythetwootherprincipalstressescanbedetermineddirectlyfromthetest.Iftheminimumstressactsalongtheboreholeaxis,fracturesbothparallelandperpendiculartotheaxisoftheboreholearesometimesinducedbythetest,allowingforthedeterminationofallthreeprincipalstresses.Intheunlikelyeventthattheinducedfracturechangesorientationawayfromtheborehole,itstraceontheboreholewallcannotbeusedinstressdeterminations.Assumptions:Therocktestedisassumedtobelinearlyelastic,homogeneous,andisotropic.Anyexcessivedeparturefromtheseassumptionscouldaffecttheresults.Verticalboreholesareassumedtobesubstantiallyparalleltooneofthein-situprincipalstresses,sinceithasbeenestablishedfrommanygeologicalobservationsandstressmeasurementsbyothermethodsthatinmostcasesoneoftheprincipalstressesisverticaltosubvertical.Hydraulicfracturingdeterminationofin-situstressescanbecomplicatedbyrockmatrixporosity,naturallyoccurringfractures,thepresenceofnearbyundergroundopenings,andlocalvariationsinthestressfield.Note28212;Thequalityoftheresultproducedbythisstandardisdependentonthecompetenceofthepersonnelperformingit,andthesuitabilityoftheequipmentandfacilitiesused.AgenciesthatmeetthecriteriaofPracticeD3740aregenerallyconsideredcapableofcompetentandobjectivetesting/sampling/inspection,etc.UsersofthisstandardarecautionedthatcompliancewithPracticeD3740doesnotinitselfassurereliableresults.Reliableresultsdependonmanyfactors;PracticeD3740providesameansofevaluatingsomeofthosefactors.1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthein-situstateofstressinrockbyhydraulicfracturing.Note18212;Hydraulicfracturingforstressdeterminationisalsoreferredtoashydrofracturing,andsometimesasminifracing.Hydraulicfracturingandhydrofracturingmayalsorefertofracturingoftherockbyfluidpressureforthepurposeofalteringrockproperties,suchaspermeabilityandporosity.1.2Hydraulicfracturingisthewidelyacceptedfieldmethodavailableforinsitustressmeasurementsatdepthsgreaterthan50m.Itcanbeusedindrillholesofanydiameter.1.3Hydraulicfracturingcanalsobeusedinshortholesforwhichotherstressmeasuringmethods,suchasovercoring,arealsoavailable.Theadvantageofhydraulicfracturingisthatityieldsstressesaveragedoverafewsquaremetres(thesizeoftheinducedhydraulicfracture)ratherthanovergrainsizeareas,asinthecaseofovercoringtechniques.1.4AllobservedandcalculatedvaluesshallconformtotheguidelinesforsignificantdigitsandroundingestablishedinPracticeD6026.1.4.1Themethodusedtospecifiyhowdataarecollected,calculated,orrecordedinthisstandardisnotdirectlyrelatedtotheaccuracytowhichthedatacanbeappliedindesignorotheruses,orboth.Howoneappliestheresultsobtainedu......
【中国标准分类号】:P13
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:7P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
